China's new rare-earth export controls have intensified tensions with the US and its allies, highlighting control over critical minerals as a key factor in the balance of economic and geopolitical power.
Beijing announced sweeping controls over the rare earths business sector on October 9, 2025, which was followed by American sanctions on several Chinese entities.
Control over critical minerals now defines the balance of economic and geopolitical power.
This move extends restrictions to technology, equipment, and expertise, tightening global dependence on China.
Author's summary: China's rare-earth monopoly sparks tensions.